Disease analysis

Disease Analysis: HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (HIV PrEP)

HIV, or the human immunodeficiency virus, is a lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family. HIV infects and destroys cells of the immune system, including cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, progressively impairing the infected individual’s ability to respond to subsequent infections. If left untreated for several years, the continued destruction of CD4+ T cells can lead to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (defined as a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3), which is characterized by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and cancers. Although HIV infection is currently incurable, there are several effective highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) available that can suppress viral replication and prevent the progression of infection to AIDS.