Balixafortide (Polyphor) is a synthetic cyclopeptide derived from polyphemusin that inhibits C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G-protein coupled receptor that exclusively binds to its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1).
Capivasertib (AstraZeneca) is an orally active, highly selective Akt inhibitor that preferentially targets Akt isoforms 1–3. Akt is a key enzyme in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR tumor cell survival pathway and is dysregulated in a number of malignancies through loss of tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), acquisition of activating mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3- kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) or AKT1, as well as amplification of PI3K.
Bempedoic acid is an orally administered small molecule that inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.
Cabometyx (cabozantinib; Exelixis/Ipsen/Takeda) is an orally available small molecule inhibitor which has been shown to suppress tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting the activity of multiple tyrosine kinases including MET, AXL, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).
Cyramza (ramucirumab; Eli Lilly/Shire) is a fully human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2-directed immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of VEGFR-2 found on tumor vasculature.
Bexsero (multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine; GlaxoSmithKline) is a multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine. It is approved for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in adolescents and young adults from 10 years through to 25 years of age in the US, and in individuals two months of age and older in the EU. Bexsero contains three surface-exposed recombinant proteins: factor H binding protein, Neisseria adhesin A, and Neisseria heparin-binding antigen. It also includes New Zealand strain outer membrane vesicles. The antibodies generated after immunization with Bexsero target the aforementioned surface proteins present on the outer membrane vesicles.
Cilofexor (Gilead), a nonsteroidal FXR agonist, is a ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptor that is a key regulator of bile acid synthesis, conjugation, and excretion. It is abundant in the liver, gallbladder, intestines, and kidney. Stimulation of FXR in the intestine by bile acids or an FXR agonist results in the release of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19).
Cenicriviroc (Allergan/Takeda) is a potent immunomodulator that blocks the chemokine receptors-2/5 (CCR-2/5). CCR-2/5 have been linked to the inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and by inhibiting CCR-2/5 it is anticipated that cenicriviroc will reduce inflammation and fibrosis.
Biktarvy ([bictegravir + emtricitabine + tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)]; Gilead) is an single-tablet regimen (STR) approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is a co-formulation of Gilead’s novel integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) bictegravir, and the marketed drug Descovy, which is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) emtricitabine and TAF.
Cabotegravir is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor analog of Tivicay (dolutegravir; ViiV Healthcare), and rilpivirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), branded as Edurant (Johnson & Johnson).
Complera (rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]; Gilead/Johnson & Johnson) is a single-tablet regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Eli Lilly’s Cymbalta (duloxetine), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, was initially approved in the US in August 2004 for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The company has since accrued a number of additional indications for Cymbalta, including diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia in the US, and most recently, chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Cancer cells are known to rely on glycolysis as an energy source. CB-839 (Calithera Biosciences) inhibits the glutaminase enzyme, reducing the ability of cancer cells to utilize glutamine in this biochemical pathway, thereby reducing cell proliferation and tumor growth.
Bavencio (avelumab; Merck KGaA/Pfizer) is a fully human MAb targeting the PD-L1 protein.
Calquence (acalabrutinib; AstraZeneca/Acerta) is a novel, orally available, second-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Inhibition of the BTK protein prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor signaling pathway, which blocks both B-cell activation and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways.
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