Stivarga (regorafenib; Bayer/Amgen) is an orally available small molecule inhibitor that is currently in development for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Nexavar (sorafenib; Bayer/Amgen) is a small molecule inhibitor that is currently the only targeted treatment available for first-line hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Bexsero (multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine; GlaxoSmithKline) is a multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine. It is approved for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in adolescents and young adults from 10 years through to 25 years of age in the US, and in individuals two months of age and older in the EU. Bexsero contains three surface-exposed recombinant proteins: factor H binding protein, Neisseria adhesin A, and Neisseria heparin-binding antigen. It also includes New Zealand strain outer membrane vesicles. The antibodies generated after immunization with Bexsero target the aforementioned surface proteins present on the outer membrane vesicles.
Menveo (quadrivalent oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM-197 conjugate vaccine; GlaxoSmithKline) is a quadrivalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine that uses CRM-197, a natural mutant of the diphtheria toxin, as well as an aluminum phosphate adjuvant. It is approved for the prevention of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 in individuals aged two months to 55 years in both the US and EU.
GlaxoSmithKline’s MenABCW-135Y is a pentavalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine for the A, B, C, W-135, and Y meningococcal strains. With all of the vaccine’s announced Phase II trials now complete, Datamonitor Healthcare expects that Phase III trials could start by the end of 2019, and forecasts US and EU approvals in adolescents and adults to occur as early as 2022.
Menactra (quadrivalent polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine; Sanofi) is a quadrivalent polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 in individuals aged nine months through to 55 years in the US.
Sanofi’s MenQuadfi (quadrivalent polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine) is a second-generation active polyvalent conjugate vaccine against group A, C, Y, and W meningococcal infection. It is presented as a sterile solution for injection containing Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharide antigens individually conjugated to tetanus toxoid protein.
Trumenba (Pfizer) is a bivalent recombinant meningococcal serogroup B vaccine indicated for immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in individuals aged 10−25 years in the US. Trumenba is a sterile suspension composed of two recombinant lapidated factor H binding protein variants. Factor H binding protein is found on the surface of meningococci and enhances the bacterium’s ability to avoid host defense.
Nimenrix (quadrivalent polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine; Pfizer) is a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 in individuals from the age of six weeks. It induces the production of bactericidal antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of N. meningitidis group A, C, W-135, and Y.
Delstrigo ([doravirine + lamivudine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)]; Merck & Co) is a single-tablet regimen being developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The drug is a co-formulation of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) doravirine and the two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), lamivudine and TDF.
Descovy ([emtricitabine + tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)]; Gilead/Japan Tobacco) is a fixed-dose combination of two of Gilead’s nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Emtriva (emtricitabine) and Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide [TAF]). The combination is currently approved in the US, Japan, and EU.
Trogarzo (ibalizumab; Theratechnologies/TaiMed Biologics) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It targets the HIV-1 post-attachment process by binding one of the domains of the CD-4 protein, which inhibits a conformational change in CD-4 that is necessary to allow entry of HIV into T-cells.
Cilofexor (Gilead), a nonsteroidal FXR agonist, is a ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptor that is a key regulator of bile acid synthesis, conjugation, and excretion. It is abundant in the liver, gallbladder, intestines, and kidney. Stimulation of FXR in the intestine by bile acids or an FXR agonist results in the release of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19).
Cenicriviroc (Allergan/Takeda) is a potent immunomodulator that blocks the chemokine receptors-2/5 (CCR-2/5). CCR-2/5 have been linked to the inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and by inhibiting CCR-2/5 it is anticipated that cenicriviroc will reduce inflammation and fibrosis.
VK2809 (Viking Therapeutics) is a thyroid hormone receptor (THR) β-selective agonist which is selective to liver tissue. It is delivered as a prodrug. VK2809 selectively activates the cytochrome P450 isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), which is predominantly found in the liver. This allows increased hepatic exposure, which simultaneously reduces systemic exposure to other tissues such as skeletal muscle and the heart.
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