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Disease Analysis: Psoriatic Arthritis
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Psoriatic arthritis is grouped with spondyloarthritis and is characterized by inflammation in the spine (spondylitis) and/or joints (arthritis). It is often preceded by a diagnosis of psoriasis by about 10 years. The disease may be characterized by joint pain, swelling, or morning stiffness, and about 80–90% of psoriatic arthritis patients experience nail lesions, which include pitting (dents) and onycholysis (detachment). Around 30% of individuals with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis.
September 23, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a hepacivirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. HCV infects hepatocytes and is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Approximately 15−45% of people infected with HCV will spontaneously clear the virus, but the remaining 55−85% will develop chronic HCV infection. For those chronically infected with HCV, the risk of cirrhosis increases by 15–30% within 20 years.
September 23, 2022
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Disease Analysis: HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (HIV PrEP)
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Despite Truvada’s and Descovy’s commercial success, PrEP remains underutilized due to poor awareness and lack of/limited reimbursement in some European countries, though uptake is increasing due to recent favorable reimbursement decisions in Germany, Spain, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, as well as due to Gilead’s marketing efforts. The US has the highest rate of uptake (estimated at 22% of at-risk individuals in 2020) and generates the majority of global PrEP revenues.
September 22, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Bipolar Disorder
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BD is a multifactorial psychiatric mood disorder influenced by social, environmental, and genetic risk factors underlying its etiology. The disorder is characterized by fluctuating mood states, such as mania and depression, interspersed with periods of wellbeing over days and weeks. BD describes a range of disease subtypes, including BD type I, BD type II, and cyclothymia.
September 21, 2022
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Disease Analysis: HIV Treatment
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The HIV treatment market in the US, Japan, and five major European markets (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) is expected to continue to expand through to 2025, driven primarily by increases in disease prevalence and continued uptake of Gilead’s Biktarvy and ViiV Healthcare’s portfolio of two-drug regimens. However, a plethora of products undergoing patent expiry across the forecast period will tip the market into decline from 2026.
September 19, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Type 2 Diabetes
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which are characterized by hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose levels) due to insufficient insulin secretion, which in type 2 diabetes occurs in the setting of insulin insensitivity.
September 14, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Migraine
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Migraine is a common, disabling, and recurring neurological disorder characterized by severe headache co-occurring with nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms, the duration of which can range from hours to days.
September 8, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Alzheimer’s Disease
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Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that slowly affects memory, cognition, and function. It is a continuum of pathological changes in the brain that begin well before clinical symptoms emerge.
September 8, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Meningococcal Vaccines
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Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, which causes a serious infection to the lining surrounding the brain and spinal cord. In all, 12 known serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis have been identified, six of which (A, B, C, W, X, and Y) can cause epidemics. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported around 1 in 10 people are asymptomatic carriers of the bacteria.
September 6, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a relatively rare breast cancer subtype. It is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and does not involve the overexpression of HER2. TNBC is associated with poor prognosis, a high risk of local recurrence, and poor disease-free and cancer-specific survival. It accounts for roughly 14% of breast cancers.
September 1, 2022
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Disease Analysis: HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer
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Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) is the most common breast cancer subtype, with approximately 70% of breast cancers presenting with overexpression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or both (De Placido and Pronzato, 2015). Overexpression of the hormone receptors allows estrogen and progesterone to drive tumor growth and proliferation. Therefore, endocrine therapy remains the standard treatment for advanced patients with HR+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer.
September 1, 2022
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Disease Analysis: HER2+ Breast Cancer
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Amplification of the HER2/neu oncogene and related genetic elements on chromosome 17 increases HER2 expression and accelerates tumorigenesis. The natural disease progression meant that, historically, women with breast cancer who overexpressed HER2 were found to have significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival compared with women without HER2 amplification; however, the introduction of trastuzumab in 1998 drastically changed patient outcomes, to the point where HER2+ breast cancer patients now have the longest median survival of all breast cancer subtypes. HER2 is overexpressed in approximately 20% of breast cancers.
September 1, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Diabetic Nephropathy
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Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is caused by damage to small blood vessels which can cause the kidneys to be less efficient in their blood filtration role or to fail altogether.
August 30, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Colorectal Cancer
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Colorectal (or bowel) cancer refers to carcinomas arising in the epithelium of the large intestine at any point between the cecal valve and the anus. CRC typically develops through the proliferation of mucosal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall, eventually forming a polyp or adenoma. As with many other cancers of the GI tract, the vast majority (>95%) are adenocarcinomas.
August 25, 2022
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Disease Analysis: Gastric Cancer
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Stomach or gastric cancer (GC) refers to any cancer arising in the lining of the stomach. The vast majority (95%) of these cancers are adenocarcinomas, and can be further grouped by anatomic origin. The clearest etiological distinction exists between adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia (the anterior edge of the stomach surrounding the entry point of the esophagus), and those arising in the other anatomical subsites of the stomach – the fundus, body, pylorus, and the antrum. In most cases, gastric adenocarcinomas will begin in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa, then invading deeper lamina of the gastric wall.
August 25, 2022
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Disease analysis

Disease Analysis: Psoriatic Arthritis

Disease Analysis: Hepatitis C

Disease Analysis: HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (HIV PrEP)

Disease Analysis: Bipolar Disorder

Disease Analysis: HIV Treatment

Disease Analysis: Type 2 Diabetes

Disease Analysis: Migraine

Disease Analysis: Alzheimer’s Disease

Disease Analysis: Meningococcal Vaccines

Disease Analysis: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Disease Analysis: HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer

Disease Analysis: HER2+ Breast Cancer

Disease Analysis: Diabetic Nephropathy

Disease Analysis: Colorectal Cancer

Disease Analysis: Gastric Cancer