Managed entry agreements (MEAs) describe a range of mechanisms by which pharmaceutical firms and payers share some of the financial and clinical risk associated with the introduction of a new medicine.
The average drug price in Poland is the lowest in the EU, mainly due to the high proportion of generic pharmaceuticals, low availability of innovative drugs, and high price pressure on reimbursed drugs.
Pricing and reimbursement processes are closely connected in Japan, with drug pricing largely dependent on innovation. However, achieving premium pricing is difficult, thereby limiting sales potential.
Orphan drugs account for a growing portion of payers’ budgets – and comprise some of the most expensive treatments available.
To contain overall healthcare expenditure and to rein in the rapid growth of pharmaceutical expenditure, in 2004 Turkey introduced price-setting procedures using an external reference system based on 5–10 reference countries (all from the EU).
Affordability of healthcare is a serious challenge for the majority of the population in India. The lack of properly funded and effective public health services drives a large number of people to receive health services from the private sector.
Biosimilar competition is providing payers with opportunities to contain costs in a category that accounts for a significant proportion of total drug expenditure. The launch of the biosimilar insulin Basaglar is a threat to the insulin-based product market, which includes long-time reference product Lantus as well as newer entrants Toujeo and Tresiba. More aggressive payers are excluding branded insulin products in favor of the less expensive biosimilar, forcing switches in existing patient populations. As such, manufacturers of branded insulin products will need to offer deeper discounts to remain on payers’ formularies and contracts.
The route to a formal US regulatory pathway for biosimilar approval was established with the creation of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2010. However, it took five more years for the first biosimilar to be launched in the US through this pathway, namely Zarxio.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors Enbrel, Humira, and Remicade have long held dominant positions in the psoriatic arthritis market. These market leaders, however, face patent expirations and consequent biosimilar launches.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors Enbrel, Humira, and Remicade have long held dominant positions in the psoriasis market; however, these market leaders face patent expirations and consequent biosimilar launches
A combination of the high cost of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (relative to highly genericized vitamin K antagonists) and the large patient populations these drugs address, has resulted in this class of compounds being a top priority for European payers.
Integrated delivery networks (IDNs) are a growing approach to streamlined healthcare in the US, providing support from the cradle to the care home.
Drug prices in the US have been the subject of intense debate over the past 2–3 years, following a surge in spending on prescription medicines and steep price increases in some categories
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) offer considerable opportunity to drug developers and marketers.
Follow-on biologics have been embraced enthusiastically in most emerging markets, where they promise to deliver much-needed improvements in access to a generation of products that remains beyond the reach of many patients.
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