India Pricing and Reimbursement
India Pricing and Reimbursement
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Affordability of healthcare is a serious challenge for the majority of the population in India. The lack of properly funded and effective public health services drives a large number of people to receive health services from the private sector.
Publisher: Datamonitor Healthcare
- Description
- Contents
- Samples
Affordability of healthcare is a serious challenge for the majority of the population in India. The lack of properly funded and effective public health services drives a large number of people to receive health services from the private sector, where they incur high out-of-pocket costs.
A significant disparity exists between rural and urban areas, with about 80% of doctors and 75% of dispensaries located in urban areas.
Control over drug prices is increasing; however, the government has also been expanding access to medicines, although reimbursement is limited to essential generic drugs.
Table of Contents
5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
5 Healthcare expenditure
5 Healthcare system issues
5 Pricing
6 Reimbursement
7 HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE
7 Turkey’s healthcare expenditure is substantially below spend in developed markets, but above
the BRIC average
8 Government accounts for around three quarters of total healthcare expenditure
11 Bibliography
12 HEALTHCARE AND INSURANCE SYSTEM
12 Healthcare system
14 Public health insurance
17 Private health insurance system
19 Trends in primary versus secondary care
23 Bibliography
25 PRICING AND REIMBURSEMENT OVERVIEW
25 Pricing and reimbursement tools
26 Key bodies influencing pricing and reimbursement
27 Pricing and reimbursement process in Turkey
28 Bibliography
29 PRICING
29 The Pricing Commission regulates medicine prices
29 The external reference pricing system introduced in 2004 has kept Turkish prices low
29 The pricing structure for pharmaceuticals in Turkey is complex
30 Statutory discounts are imposed for products included on the reimbursement list, significantly
limiting market potential
32 Fixed euro exchange rate applied for drug pricing adds to the challenges faced by the
pharmaceutical industry in the Turkish market
32 Ministry of Health is planning to implement a new pricing decree in 2014 which might
address the reference pricing issue for the pharmaceutical industry
32 Bibliography
34 REIMBURSEMENT
34 Reimbursement decision process
36 Automatic substitution with generics is permitted
37 The SGK’s planned budget for drug reimbursement for 2013–15 is conservative
38 Public hospitals procure pharmaceutical drugs through competitive bids
38 Pharmacoeconomics procedures are not widely used in Turkey
39 Bibliography
LIST OF FIGURES
7 Figure 1: GDP per capita vs total expenditure on healthcare (as percentage of GDP), 2006–11
8 Figure 2: Sources of healthcare expenditure in Turkey compared with other analyzed markets,
2011
12 Figure 3: Central organization of the Ministry of Health
15 Figure 4: Funding for healthcare services in Turkey
17 Figure 5: Number of health insurance policies and people covered, 2010
18 Figure 6: Private health insurance market shares, 2010
20 Figure 7: Number of hospitals in Turkey, 2005–11
21 Figure 8: Hospitals by type and share of hospital beds, 2011
27 Figure 9: Key bodies influencing pricing and reimbursement of drugs
27 Figure 10: Overview of market access in Turkey
29 Figure 11: Pricing structure for pharmaceuticals in Turkey
34 Figure 12: Reimbursement process for drugs in Turkey
36 Figure 13: Market share trends for generics usage in Turkey, 2007–12
38 Figure 14: Reimbursement of drugs in hospital and retail pharmacies
LIST OF TABLES
9 Table 1: Healthcare expenditure indicators in Turkey, 2007–11
20 Table 2: Key resources in the Turkish healthcare sector, 2006–11
25 Table 3: Pricing and reimbursement tools in Turkey, 2012
30 Table 4: SGK regulations for pricing discounts, 2009–11
35 Table 5: Reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Turkey
Figure 1: GDP per capita vs total expenditure on healthcare (as percentage of GDP)
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