Key Highlights

Neurostimulation Devices for Chronic Pain:

• There are reasonably high failure rates and little differentiation between products.

Neurostimulation Devices for Spinal Cord Injury:

• Devices can amplify signal and have modest improvements, but there is no clear device winner in the space.

Transcranial Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder and Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease:

• The circuitry for depression is not clearly defined and neuromodulation will be more effective in disease with better understood circuitry such as deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease.

Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Tinnitus:

• Vagal nerve stimulation increases cortical plasticity and can help recuperate function in diseases like tinnitus.

Stem Cells for Parkinson’s Disease:

• Early stem cell successes are likely to come from diseases that need cell replacement, such as as diabetes and Parkinson’s Disease. Diseases involving the need for functional integration will be a higher bar to reach.